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CFA has long believed that cooperatives are a vital element in the American economy. Consumer cooperatives are businesses which belong to the people who use them. CFA ¿À·¡ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº ¹Ì±¹ °æÁ¦ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼ÒÀÓÀ» ¹Ï°íÀÖ´Ù. ¼ÒºñÀÚ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀºÀ̸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ±â¾÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
America's first successful co-op was formed by Benjamin Franklin to provide insurance for homes. ¹Ì±¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¼º°øÀûÀÎ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº ÁÖÅÿ¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸ÇèÀ» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ º¥ÀڹΠÇÁ·©Å¬¸°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. Today, more than 100 million Americans participate in cooperatives. ¿À´Ã³¯ 100 °³ ÀÌ»ó ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÌ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Cooperatives are successful because they provide valuable services and save consumers money. ±×µéÀÌ °¡Ä¡ÀÖ´Â ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ°í ¼ÒºñÀÚ¿¡°Ô ºñ¿ëÀ» Àý°¨Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Çùµ¿Àº ¼º°øÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Since the primary goal of cooperatives is to meet needs, not generate profits, they can serve their members at low cost. Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ÁÖ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¹ß»ý, ¿ä±¸ »çÇ×À» ÃæÁ·ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ±×µéÀº ÀûÀº ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ È¸¿øÀ» °Ë»öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Cooperatives often provide services to their communities that are not readily available from for-profit businesses. Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº Á¾Á¾ ºñ¿µ¸® ±â¾÷¿¡¼ Áï½Ã »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö¾ø´Â Áö¿ª »çȸ¿¡ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. In other cases, cooperatives enhance the level of competition in the marketplace by providing consumers with an alternative source of products and services. ´Ù¸¥ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº Á¦Ç°°ú ¼ºñ½ºÀÇ ´ëü ¼Ò½º·Î ¼ÒºñÀÚ¿¡°Ô Á¦°øÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ½ÃÀå¿¡¼ °æÀïÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» Çâ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
The central principle of consumer cooperatives is member control and participation. ¼ÒºñÀÚ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ÇÙ½É ¿øÄ¢Àº ȸ¿ø °ü¸® ¹× Âü¿©ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. These member/owners meet periodically to establish policy and elect directors. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¸¿ø / ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ´Â Á¤Ã¥°ú ´ç¼±ÀÎÀÇ °¨µ¶À» ¼ö¸³Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÚ. Directors, in turn, hire managers to administer the cooperative on a day-to-day basis. ÀÌ»ç´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ¸ÅÀÏ ´ÜÀ§·Î Çù·ÂÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ü¸®ÀÚ¸¦ °í¿ë.
Members control the business and provide capital for a strong and efficient operation. ȸ¿øµéÀº »ç¾÷À» Á¦¾îÇÏ°í °·ÂÇϰí È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¿î¿µÀ»À§ÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. And, members receive all net savings left after money is set aside for operations and improvements. ±×¸®°í, ȸ¿øµéÀÌ µ·À» ÈÄ ³²Àº ¸ðµç ±×¹° ÀúÃàÀº ¿î¿µ ¹× °³¼±À» À§ÇØ º°µµ·Î ¼³Á¤µË´Ï´Ù¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Consumer cooperatives provide most important products or services a person might need. ¼ÒºñÀÚ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Á¦Ç°À̳ª ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Here are examples of some types of consumer cooperatives: ´ÙÀ½Àº ¼ÒºñÀÚ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ÀϺΠÀ¯ÇüÀÇ ¿¹ÀÔ´Ï´Ù :
Credit Unions: More than 9,000 credit unions supply financial services for over 86 million consumers nationwide. ½Å¿ë Á¶ÇÕ : ÀÌ»ó 9,000 ½Å¿ë Á¶ÇÕÀÌ Àü±¹ÀÇ ¸¸ 86 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼ÒºñÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÝÀ¶ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Using up-to-date technology, they offer a wide range of services at prices that are usually lower than those of for-profit institutions. Ãֽбâ¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, ±×µéÀº ºñ¿µ¸® ±â°üÀǺ¸´Ù ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ³·Àº °¡°Ý¿¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. For example, credit unions usually charge fewer and lower fees, and lower loan rates, than do competitors. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ½Å¿ë Á¶ÇÕÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °æÀï ¾÷üº¸´Ù, ÀûÀº°ú ´õ ³·Àº ºñ¿ë°ú ³·Àº ´ëÃ⠱ݸ®¸¦ ºÎ°úÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Because credit unions serve the broad middle class, they can meet the needs of an increasing number of underserved communities, including youth, seniors and minorities. ½Å¿ë Á¶ÇÕÀº ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Áß»êÃþ¸¦ Á¦°øÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ±×µéÀº û¼Ò³â, ³ëÀΰú ¼Ò¼ö ¹ÎÁ·À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸øÇÏ´Â Áö¿ª »çȸÀÇ Áõ°¡ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ÃæÁ·ÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. As many banks abandon low-income communities, a growing number of credit unions are finding ways to serve low and moderate income households. ¸¹Àº ÀºÇàµéÀÌ Àú¼Òµæ Áö¿ª »çȸ¸¦ Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ½Å¿ë Á¶ÇÕÀÇ Áõ°¡¿Í ³·Àº Áß°£ ¼Òµæ °¡±¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ã°íÀÖ´Ù.
Utility Cooperatives: Cooperatives provide electricity and telephone services to more than 30 million people. À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕ : Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕ ÀÌ»ó 30,000,000¸í¿¡ Àü±â¿Í ÀüÈ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Cooperatives also offer state of the art television and telecommunications services at competitive prices. Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº ¶ÇÇÑ °æÀï·ÂÀÖ´Â °¡°ÝÀ¸·Î ¿¹¼ú TV¿Í Åë½Å ¼ºñ½ºÀÇ »óŸ¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Electric Cooperatives were formed by citizens in communities where the investor-owned power companies would not provide service. Àü±â Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº ÅõÀÚÀÚ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÇ Àü·Â ȸ»ç°¡ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏÁö °ÍÀÌ´Ù Áö¿ª »çȸ ½Ã¹Î Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. Today, these cooperatives continue to find ways to provide better service at competitive prices. ¿À´Ã³¯, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¶ÇÕÀº °æÀï·ÂÀÖ´Â °¡°ÝÀ¸·Îº¸´Ù ³ªÀº ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ã´Â °ÍÀ» °è¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. And, with increased opportunities for consumers to choose their electric supplier, new energy cooperatives can provide consumers with the means to come together and find options for more competitively priced power for their homes. ±×¸®°í, ±×µéÀÇ Àü±â °ø±ÞÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â ¼ÒºñÀÚ Áõ°¡ ±âȸ, »õ·Î¿î ¿¡³ÊÁö Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀÌ ÇÔ²² ¿Í¼ ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ °æÀï·ÂÀÖ´Â °¡°ÝÀ¸·Î Àü¿øÀ»À§ÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ãÀ» ¼öÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼ÒºñÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Telephone Cooperatives provide rural Americans with telecommunications services comparable to those available to urban residents, and at reasonable cost. ÀüÈ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº µµ½Ã Áֹο¡°Ô Á¦°ø ºÐµé, ±×¸®°í ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ºñ¿ë¿¡ ºñÇØ Åë½Å ¼ºñ½º¿Í ³óÃÌ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Through digital switching and transmission facilities, they offer enhanced services, such as customer calling features, Internet access, and other advanced services. µðÁöÅÐ ½ºÀ§Äª ¹× Àü¼Û ½Ã¼³À» ÅëÇØ, ±×µéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °í°´ÀÇ ÀüÈ ±â´É, ÀÎÅÍ³Ý Á¢¼Ó, ¹× ±âŸ °í±Þ ¼ºñ½º µî Çâ»óµÈ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Many cooperatives also provide cable TV, direct broadcast satellite TV, and various forms of wireless communications services. ¸¹Àº Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÄÉÀ̺í TV, Á÷Á¢ ¹æ¼Û À§¼º TV, ¹× ¹«¼± Åë½Å ¼ºñ½ºÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇüŸ¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Housing Cooperatives: Over one million families are provided with pleasing and affordable places to live through housing cooperatives. ÁÖÅà Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕ : 100 ¸¸ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °¡Á·À» ±â»Ú°ÔÇϰí ÁÖÅà Á¶ÇÕÀ» ÅëÇØ »îÀÇ Àú·ÅÇÑ Àå¼Ò·Î Á¦°øµË´Ï´Ù. Owned and controlled by residents, cooperative housing often provides significant savings over physically comparable rental or single-family housing. ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí Áֹο¡ ÀÇÇØ ÅëÁ¦, °øµ¿ ÁÖÅõéÀº ¹°¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ºñ±³ÇÒ ´ë¿© ¶Ç´Â ´Üµ¶ ÁÖÅÿ¡ ºñÇØ »ó´çÇÑ Àý°¨ È¿°ú¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Because families who own their own homes have a greater stake in their neighborhoods, private economic development organizations and local governments are encouraging the development of housing cooperatives. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖÅÃÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°í °¡Á·µéÀÌ Áö¿ª ¹Î°£ °æÁ¦ °³¹ß ±â°ü ¹× Áö¹æ ÀÚÄ¡ ´Üü¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº ÁöºÐÀ» °¡Áö°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÁÖÅà Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» Àå·ÁÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Housing cooperatives are an effective way to provide home ownership for low-income Americans. ÁÖÅà Á¶ÇÕÀº Àú¼Òµæ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀ»À§ÇÑ ÁÖÅà ¼ÒÀ¯±ÇÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Food Cooperatives: Over three million Americans stretch their food dollars through membership in nearly 5,000 food cooperatives. ½Äǰ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕ : ¸¸ ¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÌ ¾à 5000 ½Äǰ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øÀ» ÅëÇØ ½Äǰ ´Þ·¯¸¦ ½ºÆ®·¹Äª. Food cooperatives have been pioneers in unit pricing, nutritional labeling and the sale of bulk and natural foods. ½Äǰ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº ´ÜÀ§ °¡°Ý, ¿µ¾ç ¶óº§¸µ ¹× ¹úÅ©¿Í ÀÚ¿¬ ½ÄǰÀÇ ÆÇ¸Å¿¡ÀÖ´Â °³Ã´ÀڵǾú½À´Ï´Ù.
Price comparison surveys done by CBS This Morning and Mothers and Others for a Liveable Planet have found significant savings through food cooperatives. »ç´Â º¸¶÷ÀÌÀÖ´Â Ç÷¡´ÖÀÌ ¾ÆÄ§ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í ±âŸ CBS¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼öÇà °¡°Ý ºñ±³ Á¶»ç ½Äǰ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀ» ÅëÇØ »ó´çÇÑ ºñ¿ë Àý°¨À» ¹ß°ßÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
Nursery School and Child Care Cooperatives: Nursery school and child care cooperatives provide quality care for half a million families. º¸À°¿ø°ú À°¾Æ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀÌ : º¸À° Çб³¿Í º¸À° Çùµ¿ Àý¹Ý ¸¸ °¡Á·À»À§ÇÑ °íǰÁúÀÇ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. The cooperative structure gives parents a real voice in their child's education. Çù·Â ±¸Á¶´Â ºÎ¸ð¿¡°Ô ÀÚ³àÀÇ ±³À° Çö½ÇÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
In cooperative nursery schools and child care centers, parents determine policy, participate as aides in the classroom and serve on committees for such things as raising funds, purchasing supplies and maintaining equipment. Çùµ¿ º¸À° Çб³¿Í º¸À° ¼¾ÅÍ¿¡¼´Â ºÎ¸ð°¡, Á¤Ã¥À» °áÁ¤ ±³½Ç¿¡¼ º¸Á°üÀ¸·Î Âü¿©Çϰí, ±â±ÝÀ» ¸ð±Ý ¹°ÀÚ¸¦ ±¸¸ÅÇϰí Àåºñ¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â µîÀÇ °ÍµéÀ» À§ÇØÀ§¿øÈ¸¿¡¼ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. This parental involvement cuts expenses so that the savings can be passed on to members. À̰ÍÀº ºÎ¸ð Âü¿© ÀÎÇÏÀÇ Àý°¨ÀÌ È¸¿ø¿¡ Àü´ÞµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ºñ¿ë.
Health Care Cooperatives: Cooperative health maintenance organizations (HMOs) provide comprehensive health care for more than one million Americans coast to coast. ÀÇ·á Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕ : Çùµ¿ °Ç° À¯Áö±â±¸ (HMO´Â) ÇØ¾È±îÁö 1 ¹é¸¸¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ ÇØ¾È¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ ÀÇ·á ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Because they have been able to provide high quality care at the lowest cost while satisfying the needs of their customers, these health care providers play an important role in our country's health care system. ±×µéÀÌ °í°´ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ¸¸Á·ÇÏ¸é¼ ³·Àº ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î °íǰÁú ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÇ·á ¼ºñ½º Á¦°ø ¾÷ü´Â ¿ì¸® ³ª¶óÀÇ ÀÇ·á ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ»ÇÑ´Ù. Other consumer cooperatives provide services such as mutual insurance, buying clubs, television satellites, and funeral arrangements. ±âŸ ¼ÒºñÀÚ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº »óÈ£ º¸Çè, Ŭ·´, ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü À§¼ºÀ» ±¸ÀÔÇϰí, Àå·Ê½Ä Áغñ µî ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Cooperatives on college campuses offer book, food and housing services for student members. ´ëÇÐ Ä·ÆÛ½º¿¡ÀÖ´Â Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº Çлý ȸ¿øÀ»À§ÇÑ Ã¥, À½½Ä°ú ÁÖ°Å ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Many of these and other cooperatives are locally owned and managed by members in communities across the country. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹× ±âŸ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ·ÎÄà ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí Àü±¹¿¡ °ÉÃÄ Áö¿ª »çȸÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ø¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µË´Ï´Ù.
Other Consumer Cooperatives provide services such as mutual insurance, buying clubs, television satellites, and funeral arrangements. ±âŸ ¼ÒºñÀÚ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº »óÈ£ º¸Çè, Ŭ·´, ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü À§¼ºÀ» ±¸ÀÔÇϰí, Àå·Ê½Ä Áغñ µî ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Cooperatives on college campuses offer book, food and housing services for student members. ´ëÇÐ Ä·ÆÛ½º¿¡ÀÖ´Â Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀº Çлý ȸ¿øÀ»À§ÇÑ Ã¥, À½½Ä°ú ÁÖ°Å ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Many of these and other cooperatives are locally owned and managed by members in communities across the country. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹× ±âŸ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ·ÎÄà ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí Àü±¹¿¡ °ÉÃÄ Áö¿ª »çȸÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ø¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µË´Ï´Ù.
For more information about co-ops in your community, or for details on how to form a cooperative, call the: National Cooperative Business Association at 1-800-636-6222 or visit www.ncba.coop . Áö¿ª »çȸÀÇ °øµ¿ ÀÛÀü¿¡ °üÇÑÇϰųª Çù·ÂÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ÀüÈ : ±¹¸³ Çùµ¿ »ç¾÷ Á¶ÇÕ 1-800-636-6222À̳ª ¹æ¹® www.ncba.coopÀ» .
For additional information about co-ops and co-op financing, contact the National Cooperative Bank at (202) 336-7700 or on the web at: www.ncb.com. : °øµ¿ ÀÛÀü°ú Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕ ±ÝÀ¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº½Ã (202) 336-7700À̳ª À¥»ó¿¡¼ ±¹¸³ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕ ÀºÇà¿¡ ¹®ÀÇ www.ncb.com.
To download CFA's brochure click here: "Consumer Cooperatives: Part of Our American Fabric." Or if you would like copies send a self-addressed stamped envelope to: ÇöÀç CFAÀÇ ºê·Î¼Å¸¦ Ŭ¸¯¸¦ ´Ù¿î·ÎµåÇÏ·Á¸é "¼ÒºñÀÚ Çùµ¿ Á¶ÇÕ :. ¿ì¸® ¹Ì±¹ ¿ø´ÜÀÇ ÀϺÎ" ¶Ç´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é º¹»çº»¿¡ ÀÚ±â ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í ¿ìÇ¥¸¦ ºÙÀÎ ºÀÅõ¸¦ º¸³»ÁֽʽÿÀ :
Consumer Federation of America-Coops ¹Ì±¹ - CoopsÀÇ ¼ÒºñÀÚ ¿¬¸Í
1620 I Street NW, Suite 200 1620 Àü ½ºÆ®¸®Æ® NW, ½ºÀ§Æ® 200
Washington, DC 20006 ¿ö½ÌÅÏ DC 20006